For some selected compounds already prepared on a lab-scale, the corresponding procedures appropriate for their scale-up to the pre-pilot (kilogram) levels have been carefully executed; this is highly critical to reflect the practicability of the developed protocols and serves as a bridge to further translate them from the laboratory to the industry. Selection of a synthetic route must accommodate methods of purification which, towards the industrial applications, involve either crystallization for solid or distillation for liquid with minimal, if any, column chromatography. Other equipment necessary for the separation of organic- and aqueous-soluble layers is also vital. Moreover, appropriate analytical instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to follow the progress of the reaction must accommodate the real-time analysis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our laboratory has successfully upscaled the preparation of the anti-viral drug molnupiravir starting from cytidine. Two synthetic routes—one using only chemicals and the other using immobilized lipase—have been successfully executed to furnish the desired product in only 2-3 steps in comparable overall yields on the kilogram scales. Using enzyme as a biocatalyst also conforms to the Thai government policy on the bio-circular-green economy (BCG) for sustainable development. This is an important step forward to establish the requisite process chemistry in Thailand for producing APIs on larger scales.

Name: Professor Emeritus Dr. Skorn Mongkolsuk Office address: Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +662-5538555 ext. 8557 (office) Positions: Director, Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute E-mail: [email protected] Research Interests Bacterial genetics physiology Molecular biology of gene expression Identification of novel genes involve in oxidative stress response in plant and human bacterial pathogens Education and Degrees University of Maryland, U.S.A., 1981-1985 – Ph.D. in Biological Science University of London, UK., 1977-1981 – M.Sc. in Biochemistry, 1980-1981 – B.Sc. (Honors) in Pharmacology, 1977-1980 Postdoctoral Experience Visiting Fellow at the Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, U.S.A., 1985-1987 (with Maxine F. Singer) Visiting Scientist at Osaka University, Japan., 1988 (With A. Shinmyo) Academic Positions Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, 1987-1991 Head, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 1990-2016 Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 1991-1998 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 1998-2002 Associate Faculty Member, Asian Institute of Technology, 1998-2002 Adjunct Professor, Asian Institute of Technology, 2002-2010 Professor of Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 2002-2018 Deputy Dean for Multidisciplinary Coordinating Center, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 2007 Member, Mahidol University Council, 2007-2010 Dean, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 2007-2015 Member, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute Council, 2010-2017 Director, Laboratory of Biotechnology,...

Structure-activity relationships (SARs) are keys to the success of drug discovery and development programs as they provide the pivotal link between structural modifications and desirable biological activities. To this end, viable synthetic strategies must be robust and accommodate a wide range of functional group installations at various stages to generate libraries of candidates with sufficiently explored chemical spaces. Detailed molecular mechanisms of biological actions have been performed to shed some light on understanding the interactions between the molecular target and ligands. Similar to modern drug discovery programs, toxicological profiling has been integrated at an early stage to enhance the success rate of advancing these drug-like candidates to further stages of drug discovery and development process.

Name: Dr. Punyawee Dulyayangkul Office address: Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute,54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, ThailandTel: +66 25530 8555 (ext. 3264)Positions:Researcher, Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research InstituteE-mail:[email protected] Research Interests Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Molecular biology Education and Degrees Chulabhorn Graduate Institute (CGI), Thailand, 2013-2018– Ph.D., Applied Biological Sciences (ABS): Environmental Health Mahidol University International College (MUIC), Thailand, 2008-2011– B.Sc., Biological Science Postdoctoral Experience University of Bristol, UK, 2019-2022– Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Awards Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. Program Scholarship, 2015-2019 His Majesty The King Honour Celebration Scholarships Project for the Scientists Development, 2013-2018 First runner-up for the outstanding academic performance in the MUIC academic excellence scholarships, 2010 First runner-up for the outstanding academic performance in the MUIC academic excellence scholarships, 2009 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-145X Publications Whangsuk W, Dulyayangkul P, Loprasert S, Dubbs JM, Vattanaviboon P, Mongkolsuk S. Re-sensitization of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and restoration of cephalosporins susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae by recombinant Esterase B. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2024;77(12):ovae118. doi:10.1093/lambio/ovae118 Vanitshavit, V., Charoenlap, N., Sallabhan, R., Whangsuk, W., Bhinija, K., Dulyayangkul, P., Mongkolsuk, S., & Vattanavibooon, P. (2024). Acquired resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to antimicrobials induced by herbicide paraquat dichloride. PloS one, 19(8), e0309525. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309525 Dulyayangkul, P., Sealey, J. E., Lee, W. W. Y.,...

      The advent of hardware with powerful computing capability and software with multifaceted applications for chemistry has enabled the more accurate identification of the discrete stereo- and regio-chemical issues of plausible structures with greater certainty and efficiency. The process encompasses the spectroscopic data of the compounds in question and statistical analysis of the possible structures to delineate the true compound identity. In addition, relevant reaction coordinate parameters and experimentally obtained data (e.g., kinetic, physical as well as spectroscopic) can be utilized to distinguish plausible reaction pathways, thereby determining the reaction mechanism. Knowledge from computational chemistry can be utilized as a guide to design or improve the reactions which may deliver the desired products in higher yields, with better stereoselectivities, regioselectivities, and chemical selectivity.

Challenges in total synthesis of natural products lie in the disconnection and execution of series of chemical reactions. Ingenious insights and capability to exploit and manipulate available repertoire of chemical methods as well as subtle differences in chemical reactivities are crucial for the successfully designed synthetic approaches with highest efficiency. In addition, utility of biomimetic/bio-inspired syntheses has also been illustrated. Stereochemical outcomes of each step for those containing stereogenic centers are important considerations upon devising synthetic routes. Divergent synthesis has also played an important role in designing a synthetic strategy to a common intermediate for the preparation of other analogs, thus increasing the efficiency and flexibility of such developed route. State-of-the-art synthetic approaches for various cores of natural products have been designed and executed successfully. Over the years, our laboratory has prepared both plant- and marine-derived natural products and their analogs including: lamellarins/azalamellarins, (±)-palodesangrens, (±)-paucifloral F, negundin A, (+)-ζ-clausenamide, (+)-balasubramide, cannabinol, isocryptolepine, (±)crispine A, (+)-phenanthroindolizidine, (+)-phenanthroquinolizidine, (±)-seco-antofine, (±)-julandine, lophocladines, (±)-castanospermine, (+)-8-aminolentiginosine, and (-)-epi-epiquinamide.

Developing novel and efficient synthetic methods play vital roles in advancing organic synthesis to access privileged scaffolds. Not only has catalysis been a cornerstone for developing various methods and the protocols with less impact or footprint on the environment also deemed absolutely necessary for sustainability. Novel chemistries have been devised on the basis of green chemistry principles such as the use of water as a solvent, solid-supported chemicals as reagent, and microwave/electricity/light as alternative and renewable sources of energy. Modern practices on organic synthesis have been employed to the fullest potential, spanning from the chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selective processes to the cyclization of multi-ring systems. Annulation of different ring sizes as well as installation of chemically unique functional groups have been successfully achieved via these considerations. Developing these synthetic methods has enabled our laboratory to advance the frontier in organic synthesis to discover the untapped areas of research. New chemical reactivities of various reactive intermediates have been revealed, many of which are unprecedented. Transition-metal catalysis such as Pd, Pt, Ag, Ru, Cu, Ni, and Ir has been exploited to affect novel bond formations.

Name: Voraratt Champattanachai Office address: Research Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +662-5538555 ext. 3230, 3232 Fax: +662-5538560 Positions: Research Scientist II, Research Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute E-mail: [email protected] Website: – Research Interests 1. Cancer Biomarkers 2. Cancer immunotherapy 3. Human genetic diseases Education and Degrees: B.Sc. (Biology), Kasetsart University, Thailand M.S. (Biochemistry), Mahidol University, Thailand Ph.D. (Cell Biology), The University of Alabama at Birmingham, U.S.A Academic Positions Research Scientist II, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 2018-present Research Scientist I, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 2014-2018 Research Scientist, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 1993-2014 Guest Lecturer, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 2002-present Professional Societies (If any) Member, The Science Society of Thailand under the Patronage of H.M. the King, 1998-present Member, American Association of Anatomists, U.S.A., 2003-2007 Committee, Protein Society of Thailand, 2009-present Steering committee, Asian Community of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, (ACGG), Japan, 2011-2020 Member, Genetic Society of Thailand, Thailand, 2018-present Editorial board of Molecular Medicine Reports (Spandidos Publications) and Oncology Reports (Spandidos Publications), 2019-present Fellowships Thai Government Scholarship (Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand), 2002 International Awards & Honours Local Awards & Honours 1st Poster Presentation Award, 11th National Cancer Institute conference, 2012 Royal Decorations (If any) ORCID iD (if available): http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-318x Publications 1. Effects of gentamicin inducing read...

Name: Dr. Thichakorn Jittawuttipoka Office address: Center for Biologics Research and Development (CBRD), Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +662-5532704(office), +6681-6997494(mobile) Positions: Research Scholar, Center for Biologics Research and Development (CBRD), Chulabhorn Research Institute E–mail: [email protected] Research Interests Bioprocess for Biologic Drugs Biologics, Monoclonal Antibody, Biosimilar Education and Degrees: Mahidol University, Bangkok, 2000-2009 Ph.D, Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2004-2009 B.Sc. (Second Hornors), Medical Technology Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2000-2003 Academic Activities Fellowships Ph.D. Student Research Training Fellowship, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA, 2008 Postdoctoral Researcher, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), Saclay, France, 2010-2012 Researcher, Mitr Phol Research and Innovation Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 2012-2015 Local Awards & Honours Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Scholarship (RGJ), Thailand, 2004-2009 The Excellent Poster Award from MUSC Graduate Research Exposition (GradExpo), Mahidol University, Thailand, 2009 Outstanding Thesis Award from National Research Council of Thailand, 2011 Publication A. Research Articles in International Journals Fuangthong, M., Jittawuttipoka, T., Wisitkamol, R., Romsang, A., Duang-Nkern, J., Vattanaviboon, P., Mongkolsuk S. IscR plays a role in oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity of a plant pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris. Microbiol Res. 2014. Ortega-Ramo, M., Jittawuttipoka, T., Saenkham, P., Czarnecka-Kwasiborski, A., Bottin, H., Cassier- Chauvat, C., Chauvat, F. Engineering Synechocystis PCC6803 for hydrogen production: influence on the tolerance to oxidative and sugar...

Name: Asst.Prof.Dr. Soranat Raibhu Office address: Center for Biologics Research and Development, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +662-5541900 ext 2701 (office), +6681-6194780 (mobile) Fax: +662-5538572 Positions: Senior Engineering Specialist, Research Laboratory of Center for Biologics Research and Development, Chulabhorn Research Institute E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cri.or.th 02554 1900 ext. 2701 Research Interests Industrial metallurgy Surface coating Product and production design and development Education and Degrees B.Eng., Industrial Instrumentation Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Thailand, 1993 M.Sc., Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Warwick, U.K., 1995 Ph.D., Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, U.K., 2000 Academic Positions Lecturer, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2000-4 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 2004-present Deputy Dean for Researches, Post Graduated Studies, and International Relation, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 2007-9 Deputy Dean for Researches and Academic Services, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 2009-11 Engineering Activities Director of Industrial Service Centre, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 2002-19 Senior engineering expert, Office of Research, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand, 2017- present Professional Societies Committee member, Thailand Association of Dental Implantology (TADI), 2009 Member, International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2018-2019 Awards & Honours CIGR Journal Prize (Best paper), International Commission of...

Name: Mister Jackapun Kwangjai Office address: Food and Drug Quality Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +662-553-8287 (office) Positions: Researcher, Food and Drug Quality Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute E-mail: [email protected] Website: ……………… Research Interests 1. Effects of natural products on animal behavior responses relating to psychological diseases such as anxiety and depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. 2. Effects of the toxicity of natural products on both cellular and rodent levels. Education and Degrees: • Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 2007-2013 B.Sc., Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, 2011 M.Sc., Physiology, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, 2013 Professional Societies (If any) • Member: The Physiological Society of Thailand, 2013-present; Thai Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2015-present ORCID iD (if available): https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-6899 Publications Research Articles in International Journals 1. Cheaha, D., Issuriya, A., Manor, R., Kwangjai, J., Rujiralai, T., & Kumarnsit, E. (2016). Modification of sleep- waking and electroencephalogram induced by vetiver essential oil inhalation. Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology, 5(1), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20160208050736. 2. Worasuttayangkurn, L., Nakareangrit, W., Kwangjai, J., Sritangos, P., Pholphana, N., Watcharasit, P., Rangkadilok, N., Thiantanawat, A., & Satayavivad, J. (2019). Acute oral toxicity evaluation of Andrographis paniculata-standardized first true leaf ethanolic extract. Toxicology reports, 6, 426–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.003. 3. Kwangjai, J., Cheaha, D., Manor, R., Sa-Ih, N., Samerphob,...

Name: Karnpob Kanhasut, Ph.D. Office address: Research Laboratory of Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute,54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +6694868-5666 (mobile) Positions: Researcher, Research Laboratory of Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute E-mail: [email protected] Research Interests 1.Nanobody 2.Phage display 3.Pharmaceutical industry Education and Degrees: • B.S.(Hons), Biochemistry, Burapha University, Thailand, 2010-2014 • Ph.D, Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Thailand, 2014-2022 Academic Activities (If any) Local Activities • President, CGI student union, 2015-2016 Fellowships • Travel Fellowship, Visiting graduate student at MIT Koch Institute, 2018-2019 International Awards & Honours • Research Travel Scholarship, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 2018 Local Awards & Honours • First Prize Champion’s Trophy Gold Medal Award, Annual conference of center of excellence on environmental health and toxicology, 2015 • Medal Award and Certificate of Academic Excellence, Professor Dr. Tab Nilanidhi Foundation for outstanding B.S. (Biochemistry) student, 2014 ORCID iD (if available): https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-2575 Publications, present. A. Research Articles in International Journals 1. Kanhasut K, Tharakaraman K, Ruchirawat M, Satayavivad J, Fuangthong M, Sasisekharan R. Prediction of the structural interface between fibroblast growth factor23 and burosumab using alanine scanning and molecular docking. 2022.